Ischia, the island of regeneration, of energies, of beauty and history.
This casket of delights however has been looted, desecrated and subject to innumerable abuses over the years. This history of misuse continues into the present, as the lure of the quick buck continues to play its role in illegal building projects, damaging the land and the environment.
Ischia’s history is littered with owners and sub owners who have seized, lost and re seized the island, often to the bewilderment of its inhabitants and the detriment of its terrain. However, despite the scars strewn across its past, Ischia has an abiding beauty and attraction, due to its riches in natural resources. The island has a unique supply of hot springs, spas, volcanic mud and valuable minerals.
Thus healing and renewal have become a resource by which the Island has recovered its economy and found its zenith as a centre of well being for countless visitors.
It is the largest of the three islands off the coast of Naples, (Procida, Capri and Ischia), and more than holds its own in this trinity of beauty rising from the azure waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea. This haven seems a million miles away from the haranguing, energy charged streets of Naples, (in reality only a short ferry journey away) and holds pleasures for the most intrepid or timid of travellers.
Fourty kilometres of coastline offer ample opportunities for sun-soaked relaxation. Inland, mountainous terrain awaits those who enjoy climbing. The peaceful pleasure of the fertile rolling volcanic hills offer less energetic strollers the chance to gain an advantageous view of the island without running short of breath. For the more urban minded visitor there is the elegant, traffic free town of Sant’Angelo with its characteristic boutiques, local pottery and hand-crafted merchandise.
Nearby Forio is known for its bars and tree lined Boulevards, while the Port of Ischia for ferries from the metropolis of Naples, offers discotheques, and high street shopping. Ischia port is also famous for the imposing Aragon’s castle, rich with tales of blood and thunder. In the past, the castle was the town itself, housing 1900 families, various religious orders and 13 churches. The castle served as a refuge and defence against the regular pirate attacks with which the island had been plagued in former days. It is now a fascinating museum. Whatever type of pastime is preferred, there is therapeutic mud, spas, springs and cures a plenty guaranteed to relax, creating space from the relentless onward march of twentieth century life as we know it.
Ischia’s history is as rich and as varied as its climate and natural properties, beginning with the Greeks, who colonised the island in the eighth century B.C. naming it Pithecusa which translated means “monkey”, in reference to the prevalence of these animals on the island in ancient times. Unlike today, the volcano was active. Possibly because of an eruption, the island was abandoned by the original inhabitants, and the more temperate town of Cuma was founded on the mainland.
Ischia was then resettled by Neapolitans, whose explosive character perhaps suited its volcanic activity. In 474 B.C., Hiero of Syracuse warred against the Etruscans and as part of a quest to fortify the whole of Naples, leaving a garrison on Ischia and plans for a castle to protect the capital city of the island (also known as Ischia). He emerged victorious from battle and the castle was built.
In 6 A.D., after his visit to Capri, the emperor Augustus, desperate to obtain the Island, swapped it with Naples for Ischia, which once again fell into Neapolitan hands. However well defences had proved in earlier days, they were ineffective in the face of Romans might some centuries later, and in 322 B.C. the Romans conquered and took Naples and Ischia.
The list of invaders since then is daunting. The first swathe, apart from the steady stream of marauding pirates, included the Heruli, Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Saracens and Normans, who heralded what some refer to as the “first Renaissance” under Roger II. The Normans were followed by Roger II’s grandson, Swabian Frederick II, whose mother was a Norman and his father was Henry VI, Duke of Swabia. His reign, for the most part, was peaceful, following the tolerant and eclectic view of government Roger II had begun.
The Angevins who had left their mark, with papal support, on Campania and Sicily, were followed for a time by Alfonso V of Aragon, who in 1441, reconstructed the ancient Greek fort on a grand scale transforming it into the grand castle it is today and which quickly became the scene of many fights, and transference of power.
Under Aragon rule, Alfonso V, proclaimed the island a colony for the Spanish Kingdom of Castiglia. He then built a bridge connecting the castle and its inhabitants with the world beyond its walls to the rest of the island.
By 1550, the threat of invasion by Pirates and the warlike Pisans had abated, and the population shifted from its coastal watch towers, to more comfortable terrain further inland, forming the beginning of what is now the town of Ischia. In its present form the town has six communes, or administrative areas. From where, though the beach has always been accessible, it was no longer of central importance. Throughout this period Ischia was fraught with strife slipping and falling from the hands of the Durres into Anjou power (who had returned since the days of the house of Aragon), and back again, as the rival houses squabbled for possession of the jewel of the Mediterranean.
By the 1700’s, the Bourbon’s were in custody of the island which in 1806 fell into French possession till it fell prey to the English, in pursuit of the French. Finally a devastating earthquake interrupted, scattering intruders.
Ischia finally found tranquility in modernity, and since the invention of the Grand Tour has been subjected to nothing worse than invasions of fleets of tourists, exploring the island on the picturesque three wheeled microtaxis equipped for touring. These visitors are for the most part German, a large number of whom stay on the island permanently, enriching Ischia’s coffers and enjoying its unique pleasures.
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